காவேரி பற்றி இதுவரை முழுமையாக வெளிவராத விபரங்கள்*
கலைஞர் 1969 ல் ஆட்சிக்கு வரும் முன் என்ன நடந்தது? முழு விபரமும் கீழே.
காவேரி ஒப்பந்தம் 1924
THE 1924 AGREEMENT
The main clauses among the 15 operative clauses of the Agreement
are as follows:
1. Mysore Government may construct KRS reservoir to a height of 124 ft above the river bed and to an effective capacity of 44.827 TMC ft to irrigate 1.25
lakh acres.
2. Mysore Government agrees to regulate discharges through and from KRS reservoir strictly in accordance with the rules and regulations which forms part
of this Agreement.
3. Madras Government is permitted to construct a reservoir at Mettm" to an efective capacity of 93.5 TMC ft to extend irrigation by 3.01 lakh acres in the delta area.
4. There should be mutual exchange of returns of technical details and extension of irrigation at the close of each official year
5. Mysore Government may make further extension of irrigation to the tune of 1,10,000 acres by constructing reservoirs of aggregate capacity of 45 TMC
ft on the Cauvery and its tributaries without infiinging the accepted rules and regulations of discharges at KRS.
6. Mysore Government is also permitted to extend irrigation by improvement of duty under each one of the irrigation channels to the extent of 1/3 of what was being irrigated prior to 1910.
7. Mysore should furnish all particulars of reservoirs it proposes to build against the permissible limit of 45 TMC ft to Madras Government.
8. Madras Government may construct new irrigation reservoirs on the tributaries like Bhavani, Amaravati, and Noyil rivers. If they do so, Mysore may construct an off set reservoir of capacity not exceeding 60% of the new
reservoir constructed by Madras. The impounding should not however diminish the supplies to which Madras and Mysore are entitled under this
Agreement including the divisible surplus.
9. Both Governments agree that the limitations and arrangements embodied in Clause IV and V i.e., in respect of extension of irrigation by both Governments set out shall after the expiry of 50 years (in 1974) be opened to reconsideration in the liglit of the experience, gained and for an examination of the possibilities of further extension of irrigation within the territories of the respcctive Govenrments and to such modifications and
additions as may be mutually agreed upon as a result of such reconsideration
10. In case of a dispute between the two Governments touching the interpretation or operation or carrying out this Agreement, such a dispute shall be referred
to arbitration or to Government oflndiaifboth parties agree for settlement.
Thus the 1924 Agreement was in the nature of follow up action on the original 1892 Agreement, the validity of which continued to survive.
In short, Madras gave its assent under Clause 3 of the 1892 Agreement to Mysore to construct KRS reservoir and secured the right to construct its Mettur Project and both Madras and Mysore obtained additional right to extend irrigation to new 39 areas.
IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT ( POST 1924 )
In Mysore, irrigation from major and medium works under the Cauvery
which was 1.1 lakh acres at the beginning of the century increased to 3 lakh acres by 1930 with the extension of irrigation under the KRS.
By 1970, it had further risen to about 4.4 lakh acres. About half of this increment of 1.4 lakh
acres was contributed by new irrigation from small reservoirs, Anicuts and channels on the tributaries, and the other half by extension of irrigation under the
KRS Anient and Channels.'"
In Tamilnadu, ayacut development in this period was more fast and
significant. The initial pre-Mettur extent of 14.4 lakh acres of irrigation was augmented by Mettur to an extent of 3.2 lakh acres and to an equal extent by projects implemented in the first plan (1951-56) and Second Plan (1956-61) periods.
The first plan projects were the Lower Bhavani Project (covering 2.1 lakh acres) and the Mettur Canal Project (0.5 lakh acres).
The three Second Plan projects, the Amaravathy, the New Kattalai High Level Canal and the Pullambadi Canal were to add about 0.2 lakh acres each.
Mysore objected these
new projects on the ground that they were not permissible under the 1924 Agreement.
Madras maintained that irrigation from the Mettur Canal was within
the acreage limit allowed for the Cauvery-Mettur project.
The other two projects were cleared by the Planning Commission on the assurance of the Madras Government that these projects would utilise only surplus waters or waters saved by economy and would not entail the creation of any new prescriptive rights.
Overall, the Mettur and other 1934-1972 projects added 6.4 lakh acres to the pre-Mettur extent of 14.4 lakh acres.
In addition, the area under a second crop was increased to a total extent of 4.5 lakh acres of this, 2.5 lakh acres was located in the old Cauvery delta, 0.8 lakh acres in the Coleroon system, 0.8 lakh
acres under the canals in Salem and Tiruchinapalli districts and 0.4 lakh acres in the Bhavani and the Amaravathy sub-basins.
Madras did not seek any extra waters on account of extensions to irrigation beyond what had been assured to it under the 1924 rules of regulation.
The Karnataka Government under its development plans took up
constructional work on some irrigation projects to utilise its share of water under the 1924 Agreement.
Work on the Kabini reservoir was commenced in 1959, although the project had been discussed in 1933 itself.
Later projects began with dams and reservoirs on tributaries including the Harangi (1964), Swamavathy (1965), the Hemavathy (1968), the Varuna Canal (extension from KRS, 1979) and the Yagachi (1983). The total irrigation potential under these schemes upto 1990 was expected to be about 13 lakh acres with actual established irrigation until then being 11.2 lakh acres.
The contention of Tamilnadu is that the projects undertaken by Karnataka are not within the stipulated limits and were in excess of the allowances made
in the 1924 Agreement for new irrigation in Karnataka. It also opined that the new projects under taken by Karnataka would reduce the assured supplies to
Tamilnadu through limit flows from KRS and that the 1924 Agreement covers storages in non-scheduled rivers only if they do not affect Tamilnadu's prescriptive right.
Owing to Tamilnadu's objections, the above projects were not cleared by the Central Water Commission or by the Union Planning Conmission for inclusion under Plan Schemes in Karataka.
Expenses on them have been
met from non-Plan allocations and Karataka argues that this has resulted in loss of Central assistance, improper funding and execution delays.
Along with requirements of 85.2 TMC ft for minor irrigation, 50 TMC ft for water supply and 7 TMC ft for power peojects, Karataka has projected its requirements at
465 TMC ft.
1924 முதல் 1990 வரை கர்நாடகா மற்றும் தமிழகம் எப்படி அணைகள் கட்டின எப்படி விவசாய பரப்பை அதிகரித்தன என்ற விபரம் இணைப்பில் உள்ளது.
கலைஞர் 1969 ல் ஆட்சிக்கு வரும் முன் என்ன நடந்தது? முழு விபரமும் கீழே.
காவேரி ஒப்பந்தம் 1924
THE 1924 AGREEMENT
The main clauses among the 15 operative clauses of the Agreement
are as follows:
1. Mysore Government may construct KRS reservoir to a height of 124 ft above the river bed and to an effective capacity of 44.827 TMC ft to irrigate 1.25
lakh acres.
2. Mysore Government agrees to regulate discharges through and from KRS reservoir strictly in accordance with the rules and regulations which forms part
of this Agreement.
3. Madras Government is permitted to construct a reservoir at Mettm" to an efective capacity of 93.5 TMC ft to extend irrigation by 3.01 lakh acres in the delta area.
4. There should be mutual exchange of returns of technical details and extension of irrigation at the close of each official year
5. Mysore Government may make further extension of irrigation to the tune of 1,10,000 acres by constructing reservoirs of aggregate capacity of 45 TMC
ft on the Cauvery and its tributaries without infiinging the accepted rules and regulations of discharges at KRS.
6. Mysore Government is also permitted to extend irrigation by improvement of duty under each one of the irrigation channels to the extent of 1/3 of what was being irrigated prior to 1910.
7. Mysore should furnish all particulars of reservoirs it proposes to build against the permissible limit of 45 TMC ft to Madras Government.
8. Madras Government may construct new irrigation reservoirs on the tributaries like Bhavani, Amaravati, and Noyil rivers. If they do so, Mysore may construct an off set reservoir of capacity not exceeding 60% of the new
reservoir constructed by Madras. The impounding should not however diminish the supplies to which Madras and Mysore are entitled under this
Agreement including the divisible surplus.
9. Both Governments agree that the limitations and arrangements embodied in Clause IV and V i.e., in respect of extension of irrigation by both Governments set out shall after the expiry of 50 years (in 1974) be opened to reconsideration in the liglit of the experience, gained and for an examination of the possibilities of further extension of irrigation within the territories of the respcctive Govenrments and to such modifications and
additions as may be mutually agreed upon as a result of such reconsideration
10. In case of a dispute between the two Governments touching the interpretation or operation or carrying out this Agreement, such a dispute shall be referred
to arbitration or to Government oflndiaifboth parties agree for settlement.
Thus the 1924 Agreement was in the nature of follow up action on the original 1892 Agreement, the validity of which continued to survive.
In short, Madras gave its assent under Clause 3 of the 1892 Agreement to Mysore to construct KRS reservoir and secured the right to construct its Mettur Project and both Madras and Mysore obtained additional right to extend irrigation to new 39 areas.
IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT ( POST 1924 )
In Mysore, irrigation from major and medium works under the Cauvery
which was 1.1 lakh acres at the beginning of the century increased to 3 lakh acres by 1930 with the extension of irrigation under the KRS.
By 1970, it had further risen to about 4.4 lakh acres. About half of this increment of 1.4 lakh
acres was contributed by new irrigation from small reservoirs, Anicuts and channels on the tributaries, and the other half by extension of irrigation under the
KRS Anient and Channels.'"
In Tamilnadu, ayacut development in this period was more fast and
significant. The initial pre-Mettur extent of 14.4 lakh acres of irrigation was augmented by Mettur to an extent of 3.2 lakh acres and to an equal extent by projects implemented in the first plan (1951-56) and Second Plan (1956-61) periods.
The first plan projects were the Lower Bhavani Project (covering 2.1 lakh acres) and the Mettur Canal Project (0.5 lakh acres).
The three Second Plan projects, the Amaravathy, the New Kattalai High Level Canal and the Pullambadi Canal were to add about 0.2 lakh acres each.
Mysore objected these
new projects on the ground that they were not permissible under the 1924 Agreement.
Madras maintained that irrigation from the Mettur Canal was within
the acreage limit allowed for the Cauvery-Mettur project.
The other two projects were cleared by the Planning Commission on the assurance of the Madras Government that these projects would utilise only surplus waters or waters saved by economy and would not entail the creation of any new prescriptive rights.
Overall, the Mettur and other 1934-1972 projects added 6.4 lakh acres to the pre-Mettur extent of 14.4 lakh acres.
In addition, the area under a second crop was increased to a total extent of 4.5 lakh acres of this, 2.5 lakh acres was located in the old Cauvery delta, 0.8 lakh acres in the Coleroon system, 0.8 lakh
acres under the canals in Salem and Tiruchinapalli districts and 0.4 lakh acres in the Bhavani and the Amaravathy sub-basins.
Madras did not seek any extra waters on account of extensions to irrigation beyond what had been assured to it under the 1924 rules of regulation.
The Karnataka Government under its development plans took up
constructional work on some irrigation projects to utilise its share of water under the 1924 Agreement.
Work on the Kabini reservoir was commenced in 1959, although the project had been discussed in 1933 itself.
Later projects began with dams and reservoirs on tributaries including the Harangi (1964), Swamavathy (1965), the Hemavathy (1968), the Varuna Canal (extension from KRS, 1979) and the Yagachi (1983). The total irrigation potential under these schemes upto 1990 was expected to be about 13 lakh acres with actual established irrigation until then being 11.2 lakh acres.
The contention of Tamilnadu is that the projects undertaken by Karnataka are not within the stipulated limits and were in excess of the allowances made
in the 1924 Agreement for new irrigation in Karnataka. It also opined that the new projects under taken by Karnataka would reduce the assured supplies to
Tamilnadu through limit flows from KRS and that the 1924 Agreement covers storages in non-scheduled rivers only if they do not affect Tamilnadu's prescriptive right.
Owing to Tamilnadu's objections, the above projects were not cleared by the Central Water Commission or by the Union Planning Conmission for inclusion under Plan Schemes in Karataka.
Expenses on them have been
met from non-Plan allocations and Karataka argues that this has resulted in loss of Central assistance, improper funding and execution delays.
Along with requirements of 85.2 TMC ft for minor irrigation, 50 TMC ft for water supply and 7 TMC ft for power peojects, Karataka has projected its requirements at
465 TMC ft.
1924 முதல் 1990 வரை கர்நாடகா மற்றும் தமிழகம் எப்படி அணைகள் கட்டின எப்படி விவசாய பரப்பை அதிகரித்தன என்ற விபரம் இணைப்பில் உள்ளது.
